//
// Copyright (c) 2014 ANSCENTER. All rights reserved.
//

#include "precomp.h"
#include "bigint.h"

unsigned char bittab[256] =
{ 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8 };

unsigned bigint_unit::get( unsigned i ) const
{
	if ( i >= n )
		return 0;
	
	return a[ i ];
}

void bigint_unit::clear()
{
	n = 0;
}

bigint_unit::bigint_unit()
{
	z = 0;
	a = 0;
	n = 0;
}

bigint_unit::~bigint_unit()
{
	unsigned i = z;

	while ( i )
	{
		i -= 1;
		a[i] = 0;
	}

	delete [] a;
}

void bigint_unit::reserve( unsigned x )
{
	if ( x > z )
	{
		unsigned * na = new unsigned[ x ];

		for ( unsigned i = 0; i < n; i += 1 ) 
			na[ i ] = a[ i ];

		delete [] a;
		a = na;
		z = x;
	}
}

void bigint_unit::set( unsigned i, unsigned x )
{
	if ( i < n )
	{
		a[ i ] = x;

		if ( x == 0 )
		{
			while ( n && a[ n - 1 ] == 0 ) 
				n -= 1; // normalise
		}
	}
	else if ( x )
	{
		reserve( i + 1 );

		for ( unsigned j = n; j < i; j += 1 )
			a[j] = 0;

		a[i] = x;
		n = i + 1;
	}
}

// Macros for doing double precision multiply
#define BPU ( 8 * sizeof( unsigned ) )       // Number of bits in an unsigned
#define lo(x) ( (x) & ( ( 1 << ( BPU / 2 ) ) -1 ) ) // lower half of unsigned
#define hi(x) ( (x) >> ( BPU / 2 ) )         // upper half
#define lh(x) ( (x) << ( BPU / 2 ) )         // make upper half

unsigned do_inner( unsigned n, unsigned m, unsigned * a, unsigned * ya )
{
	if (a == NULL || ya == NULL)
		return 0;

	unsigned c = 0;

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)
	__asm mov edi, a
	__asm mov esi, ya
loop1:  
	__asm mov eax, [esi]
	__asm mul m
	__asm add esi, 4
	__asm add eax, c
	__asm adc edx, 0
	__asm add [edi], eax
	__asm adc edx, 0
	__asm add edi, 4
	__asm mov c, edx
	__asm dec n
	__asm jnz loop1
#else
	while ( n-- )
	{
		unsigned v = *a, 
				 p = *ya++;
		v += c; 
		c = ( v < c );
		unsigned w;
		w = lo( p ) * lo( m ); 
		v += w; 
		c += ( v < w );
		w = lo( p ) * hi( m ); 
		c += hi( w ); 
		w = lh( w ); 
		v += w; 
		c += ( v < w );
		w = hi( p ) * lo( m );
		c += hi( w ); 
		w = lh( w ); 
		v += w; 
		c += ( v < w );
		c += hi( p ) * hi( m );
		*a++ = v;
	}
#endif

	return c;
}

void bigint_unit::fast_mul( bigint_unit &x, bigint_unit &y, unsigned keep )
{
	unsigned i,
			 limit = ( keep + BPU - 1 ) / BPU; // size of result in words

	reserve( limit );

	for ( i = 0; i < limit; i += 1) 
		a[i] = 0;

	unsigned min = x.n;

	if ( min > limit ) 
		min = limit;

	for ( i = 0; i < min; i += 1 )
	{
		unsigned m = x.a[ i ];
		unsigned min = i + y.n; 
		
		if ( min > limit ) 
			min = limit;

		unsigned c = do_inner( min - i, m, a + i, y.a );
		
		unsigned j = min;    

		while ( c && j < limit )
		{
			a[ j ] += c;
			c = a[ j ] < c;
			j += 1;
		}
	}

	// eliminate unwanted bits
	keep %= BPU;
	if ( keep )
		a[ limit-1 ] &= ( 1 << keep ) - 1;

	// calculate n
	while ( limit && a[ limit-1 ] == 0 )
		limit -= 1;

	n = limit;
};

unsigned bigint_value::to_unsigned()
{
	return get( 0 );
}

int bigint_value::is_zero() const
{
	return n == 0;
}

unsigned bigint_value::bit( unsigned i ) const
{ 
	return ( get( i / BPU ) & ( 1 << ( i % BPU ) ) ) != 0;
}

void bigint_value::setbit( unsigned i )
{
	set( i / BPU, get( i / BPU ) | ( 1 << i % BPU ) );
}

void bigint_value::clearbit( unsigned i )
{
	set( i / BPU, get( i / BPU ) & ~( 1 << i % BPU ) );
}

unsigned bigint_value::bits() const
{
	unsigned x = n;

	if ( x )
	{
		unsigned w = BPU;
		unsigned msw = get( x-1 );

		x = ( x-1 ) * BPU;

		do
		{
			w >>= 1;
			if ( msw >= ( 1u << w ) )
			{
				x += w;
				msw >>= w;
			}
		} while ( w > 8 );

		x += bittab[ msw ];
	}

	return x;
}

int bigint_value::cf( bigint_value & x ) const
{
	if ( n > x.n ) 
		return +1;

	if ( n < x.n ) 
		return -1;

	unsigned i = n;

	while ( i )
	{
		i -= 1;

		if ( get( i ) > x.get( i ) ) 
			return +1;

		if ( get( i ) < x.get( i ) ) 
			return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

void bigint_value::shl()
{
	unsigned carry = 0;
	unsigned N = n; // necessary, since n can change

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i <= N; i += 1 )
	{
		unsigned u = get( i );
		set( i, ( u << 1 ) + carry );
		carry = u >> ( BPU - 1 );
	}
}

int bigint_value::shr()
{
	unsigned carry = 0;
	unsigned i = n;

	while ( i )
	{
		i -= 1;
		unsigned u = get( i );
		set( i,( u >> 1 ) + carry );
		carry = u << ( BPU - 1 );
	}

	return carry != 0;
}

void bigint_value::shr( unsigned x )
{
	unsigned delta = x / BPU; 

	x %= BPU;

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < n; i += 1 )
	{
		unsigned u = get( i + delta );

		if ( x )
		{
			u >>= x;
			u += get( i + delta + 1 ) << ( BPU-x );
		}

		set( i, u );
	}
}

void bigint_value::add( bigint_value & x )
{
	unsigned carry = 0;
	unsigned max = n; 

	if ( max < x.n ) 
		max = x.n;

	reserve( max );

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < max + 1; i += 1 )
	{
		unsigned u = get( i );
		u = u + carry; 
		carry = ( u < carry );
		unsigned ux = x.get( i );
		u = u + ux; carry += ( u < ux );
		set( i,u );
	}
}

void bigint_value::_xor( bigint_value & x )
{
	unsigned max = n; 
	
	if (max<x.n) 
		max = x.n;
	
	reserve(max);

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < max; i += 1 )
	{
		set( i, get( i ) ^ x.get( i ) );
	}
}

void bigint_value::_and( bigint_value & x )
{
	unsigned max = n; 

	if ( max < x.n ) 
		max = x.n;

	reserve( max );

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < max; i += 1 )
	{
		set( i, get( i ) & x.get( i ) );
	}
}

int bigint_value::product( bigint_value & x ) const
{
	unsigned max = n;
	unsigned tmp = 0;
	unsigned count = 0;

	if ( max < x.n ) max = x.n;

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < max; i += 1 )
	{
		tmp ^= get( i ) & x.get( i );
	}

	while ( tmp )
	{
		if ( tmp & 1 ) count += 1;
		tmp >>= 1;
	}

	return count & 1;
}

void bigint_value::subtract( bigint_value & x )
{
	unsigned carry = 0;
	unsigned N = n;

	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < N; i += 1 )
	{
		unsigned ux = x.get( i );
		ux += carry;
		if ( ux >= carry )
		{
			unsigned u = get( i );
			unsigned nu = u - ux;
			carry = nu > u;
			set( i, nu );
		}
	}
}

void bigint_value::init( unsigned x )
{
	clear();
	set( 0, x );
}

void bigint_value::copy( bigint_value & x )
{
	unsigned i = x.n;

	clear();

	while ( i ) 
	{ 
		i -= 1; 
		set( i, x.get( i ) ); 
	}
}

bigint_value::bigint_value()
{
	share = 0;
}

void bigint_value::mul( bigint_value & x, bigint_value & y )
{
	fast_mul( x, y, x.bits() + y.bits() );
}

void bigint_value::divide( bigint_value & x, bigint_value & y, bigint_value & rem )
{
	bigint_value m, s;

	init( 0 );
	rem.copy( x );
	m.copy( y );
	s.init( 1 );

	int i = 0;

	while ( rem.cf( m ) > 0 )
	{
		m.shl();
		s.shl();

		i++;
	}

	while ( rem.cf( y ) >= 0 )
	{
		while ( rem.cf( m ) < 0 )
		{
			m.shr();
			s.shr();
		}

		rem.subtract( m );

		add( s );
	}
}

// Implementation of bigint

int operator !=( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) != 0; 
}

int operator ==( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) == 0; 
}

int operator >=( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) >= 0; 
}

int operator <=( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) <= 0; 
}

int operator > ( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) > 0; 
}

int operator < ( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{ 
	return x.cf( y ) < 0; 
}

void bigint::load( const unsigned * a, unsigned n )
{
	docopy();
	value->clear();
	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < n; i += 1 )
		value->set( i, a[ i ] );
}

void bigint::store( unsigned * a, unsigned n ) const
{
	for ( unsigned i = 0; i < n; i += 1 )
		a[ i ] = value->get( i );
}

void bigint::docopy()
{
	if ( value->share )
	{
		value->share -= 1;
		bigint_value * nv = new bigint_value;
		nv->copy( *value );
		value = nv;
	}
}

unsigned bigint::bits() const
{
	return value->bits();
}

unsigned bigint::bit( unsigned i ) const
{
	return value->bit( i );
}

void bigint::setbit( unsigned i )
{
	docopy();
	value->setbit( i );
}

void bigint::clearbit( unsigned i )
{
	docopy();
	value->clearbit( i );
}

int bigint::cf( const bigint & x ) const
{
	int neg = negative && !value->is_zero();

	if ( neg == ( x.negative && !x.value->is_zero() ) )
		return value->cf( *x.value );
	else 
	if ( neg ) 
		return -1;
	 else 
		return +1;
}

bigint::bigint( unsigned x )
{
	value = new bigint_value;
	negative = 0;
	value->init( x );
}

bigint::bigint( const bigint& x ) // copy constructor
{
	negative = x.negative;
	value = x.value;
	value->share += 1;
}

bigint & bigint::operator =( const bigint & x )
{
	if ( value->share ) 
		value->share -=1;
	else 
		delete value;

	value = x.value;
	value->share += 1;
	negative = x.negative;

	return *this;
}

bigint::~bigint()
{
	if ( value->share ) 
		value->share -= 1; 
	else 
		delete value;
}

unsigned to_unsigned ( const bigint & x ) // conversion to unsigned
{
	return x.value->to_unsigned();
}

bigint & bigint::operator ^=( const bigint& x )
{
	docopy();
	value->_xor( *x.value );

	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::operator &=( const bigint & x )
{
	docopy();
	value->_and( *x.value );

	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::ror( unsigned n )
{
	docopy();
	int carry = value->shr();
	if ( carry )
		value->setbit( n - 1 );

	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::rol( unsigned n )
{
	docopy();
	int carry = value->bit( n - 1 );
	if ( carry ) value->clearbit( n - 1 );
	value->shl();
	if ( carry ) value->setbit( 0 );
	
	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::operator >>=( unsigned n ) // divide by 2**n
{
	docopy();
	value->shr(n);

	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::operator +=( const bigint & x )
{
	if ( negative == x.negative )
	{
		docopy();
		value->add( *x.value );
	}
	else if ( value->cf( *x.value ) >= 0 )
	{
		docopy();
		value->subtract( *x.value );
	}
	else
	{
		bigint tmp = *this;
		*this = x;
		*this += tmp;
	}

	return *this;
}

bigint & bigint::operator -=( const bigint & x )
{
	if ( negative != x.negative )
	{
		docopy();
		value->add( *x.value );
	}
	else if ( value->cf( *x.value ) >= 0 )
	{
		docopy();
		value->subtract( *x.value );
	}
	else
	{
		bigint tmp = *this;
		*this = x;
		*this -= tmp;
		negative = 1 - negative;
	}

	return *this;
}

bigint operator +( const bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	bigint result = x;

	result += y;

	return result;
}

bigint operator -( const bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	bigint result = x;
	
	result -= y;
	
	return result;
}

bigint operator *( const bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	bigint result;

	result.value->mul( *x.value, *y.value );
	result.negative = x.negative ^ y.negative;

	return result;
}

bigint operator /( const bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	bigint result;
	bigint_value rem;

	result.value->divide( *x.value, *y.value, rem );
	result.negative = x.negative ^ y.negative;

	return result;
}

bigint operator %( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{
	bigint result;
	bigint_value divide;
	
	divide.divide( *x.value, *y.value, *result.value );
	result.negative = x.negative; // not sure about this?

	return result;
}

bigint operator ^( const bigint& x, const bigint& y )
{
	bigint result = x;

	result ^= y;

	return result;
}

bigint operator &( const bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	bigint result = x;

	result &= y;

	return result;
}

bigint operator <<( const bigint & x, unsigned n ) // multiply by 2**n
{
	bigint result = x;

	while ( n )
	{
		n -= 1;
		result += result;
	}

	return result;
}

bigint abs( const bigint & x )
{
	bigint result = x;

	result.negative = 0;

	return result;
}

int product ( const bigint & X, const bigint & Y )
{
	return X.value->product( *Y.value );
}

bigint pow2( unsigned n )
{
	bigint result;

	result.setbit( n );

	return result;
}

bigint gcd( const bigint &X, const bigint &Y )
{
	bigint x = X, 
		   y = Y;

	while ( 1 )
	{
		if ( y == 0 ) return x;
		x = x % y;
		if ( x == 0 ) return y;
		y = y % x;
	}
}

bigint modinv( const bigint & a, const bigint & m ) // modular inverse
// returns i in range 1..m-1 such that i*a = 1 mod m
// a must be in range 1..m-1
{
	bigint j = 1, 
		   i = 0, 
		   b = m, 
		   c = a, 
		   x, 
		   y;

	while ( c != 0 )
	{
		x = b / c;
		y = b - x * c;
		b = c;
		c = y;
		y = j;
		j = i - j * x;
		i = y;
	}

	if ( i < 0 )
		i += m;

	return i;
}

class monty // class for montgomery modular exponentiation
{
	bigint m, n1;
	bigint T, k;   // work registers
	unsigned N;  // bits for R
	void mul( bigint & x, const bigint & y );
public:
	bigint R, R1;
	bigint exp( const bigint & x, const bigint & e );
	bigint monty_exp( const bigint & x, const bigint & e );
	monty( const bigint & M );
};

monty::monty( const bigint & M )
{
	m = M;
	N = 0; 
	R = 1;

	while ( R < M ) 
	{ 
		R += R; 
		N += 1; 
	}

	R1 = modinv( R - m, m );
	n1 = R - modinv( m, R );
}

void monty::mul( bigint & x, const bigint & y )
{
	// T = x*y;
	T.value->fast_mul( *x.value, *y.value, N * 2 );

	// k = ( T * n1 ) % R;
	k.value->fast_mul( *T.value, *n1.value, N );

	// x = ( T + k*m ) / R;
	x.value->fast_mul( *k.value, *m.value, N * 2 );
	x += T;
	x.value->shr( N );

	if ( x >= m ) x -= m;
}

bigint monty::monty_exp( const bigint & x, const bigint & e )
{
	bigint result = R - m, 
		   t = x; // don't convert input
	unsigned bits = e.value->bits();
	unsigned i = 0;

	t.docopy(); // careful not to modify input

	while ( 1 )
	{
		if ( e.value->bit( i ) )
			mul( result, t );
        i += 1;
		if ( i == bits ) break;
		mul( t, t );
	}

	return result; // don't convert output
}

bigint monty::exp( const bigint & x, const bigint & e )
{
	return ( monty_exp( ( x * R ) % m, e ) * R1 ) % m;
}

bigint modexp( const bigint & x, const bigint & e, const bigint & m )
{
	monty me( m );
	return me.exp( x, e );
}

static bigint half( const bigint & a, const bigint & p )
{
	if ( a.bit( 0 ) )
		return ( a + p ) / 2;

	return a / 2;
}

bigint lucas ( const bigint & P, const bigint & Z, const bigint & k, const bigint & p ) // P^2 - 4Z != 0
{
	bigint D = P * P - 4 * Z, 
		   U = 1, 
		   V = P, 
		   U1, 
		   V1;
	unsigned i = k.bits() - 1;

	while ( i )
	{
		i -= 1;
		
		U1 = U * V; 
		V1 = V * V + D * U * U; 
		U = U1 % p;
		V = half( V1 % p, p );

		if ( k.bit( i ) )
		{
			U1 = P * U + V; 
			V1 = P * V + D * U; 
			U = half( U1 % p, p ); 
			V = half( V1 % p, p );
		}
	}

	return V;
}

bigint sqrt( const bigint & g, const bigint & p )
{
	bigint result;

	if ( p % 4 == 3 )
		result = modexp( g, p / 4 + 1, p );
	else if ( p % 8 == 5 )
	{
		bigint gamma = modexp( 2 * g, p / 8, p);
		bigint i = 2 * g * gamma * gamma - 1;
		result = g * gamma * i;
	}
	else
	{
		bigint Z = g;
		bigint P = 1;

		while ( 1 )
		{
			bigint D = ( P * P - 4 * g ) % p; 

			if ( D < 0 ) D += p;

			if ( D == 0 )
			{
				result = half( P, p );
				break;
			}

			if ( modexp( D, ( p - 1 ) / 2, p ) != 1 )
			{
				result = half( lucas( P, Z, ( p + 1 ) / 2, p ), p );
				break;
			}

			P += 1; // Is this ok (efficient?)
		}
	}

	result = result % p;
	if ( result < 0 ) result += p;

	return result;
}