#include "ANSWEBCAM.h"
#include "ANSMatRegistry.h"
#include "ANSGpuFrameRegistry.h"
#include "ANSCVVendorGate.h"  // anscv_vendor_gate::IsNvidiaGpuAvailable()
#include <cstdint>
#include <memory>
extern "C" {
#include <libavutil/frame.h>
}

// Custom pixel format for BGR full-res Mat entries in ANSGpuFrameRegistry.
static constexpr int ANSCV_PIX_FMT_BGR24 = 1000;
#include <filesystem>
#include <turbojpeg.h>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
namespace ANSCENTER {
    #define CHECK_CUDAWEB(call) do { \
        cudaError_t err = call; \
        if (err != cudaSuccess) { \
            std::cout<<"CUDA error: " + std::string(cudaGetErrorString(err)); \
        } \
    } while (0)
    #define CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(call) do { \
        nvjpegStatus_t status = call; \
        if (status != NVJPEG_STATUS_SUCCESS) { \
            std::cout<<"nvJPEG error: " + std::to_string(status); \
        } \
    } while (0)
    void DeleteMediaType(AM_MEDIA_TYPE* pmt)
    {
        // allow NULL pointers for coding simplicity
        if (pmt == NULL) {
            return;
        }

        if (pmt->cbFormat != 0) {
            CoTaskMemFree((PVOID)pmt->pbFormat);

            // Strictly unnecessary but tidier
            pmt->cbFormat = 0;
            pmt->pbFormat = NULL;
        }
        if (pmt->pUnk != NULL) {
            pmt->pUnk->Release();
            pmt->pUnk = NULL;
        }
    }
    ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ANSWEBCAMPlayer() {
        _deviceId = 0;
        _resWidth = 0;
        _resHeight = 0;
		m_bPaused = false;
        _isPlaying = false;
        _lastJpegImage = "";
        _cameraNames.clear();
		_bbox = cv::Rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
		_crop = false;
		_previousPTS = 0;
		_jpegCompressor = nullptr;
    }
    ANSWEBCAMPlayer::~ANSWEBCAMPlayer() noexcept {
		try {
			Destroy();
		}
		catch (...) {}
        if (_jpegCompressor) {
			tjDestroy(_jpegCompressor);
			_jpegCompressor = nullptr;
		}
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Destroy() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            if (cap.isOpened()) {
                cap.release();
            }
            _resWidth = 0;
            _resHeight = 0;
            _deviceId = 0;
            _lastJpegImage = "";
            _previousImage.release();
            _isPlaying = false;
            if (!_cameraNames.empty()) _cameraNames.clear();
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Destroy. Exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
        catch (...) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Destroy.", "Unknown exception", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
    }

    std::vector<Resolution> ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetAvailableResolutions(int deviceId) {
        std::vector<Resolution> resolutions;
        try {
            cv::VideoCapture testCap(deviceId, cv::CAP_DSHOW);
            if (!testCap.isOpened()) {
                testCap.open(deviceId, cv::CAP_ANY);
                if (!testCap.isOpened()) {
                    _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetAvailableResolutions", "Unable to open camera", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    return resolutions;
                }
            }
            // Common resolutions to test
            std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> commonResolutions = {
                {3264, 2448},  
                {3264, 1836},   
                {2592, 1944},  
                {2048, 1536},  
                {1920, 1080},  
                {1600, 1200},  
                {1280, 1024}, 
                {1280, 720},  
                {1024, 768}, 
                {1920, 1080},
                {800, 600}, 
                {640, 480} 
            };
            for (const auto& res : commonResolutions) {
                testCap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, res.first);
                testCap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, res.second);

                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(testCap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(testCap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

                // Check if the camera actually supports this resolution
                if (actualWidth == res.first && actualHeight == res.second) {
                    resolutions.emplace_back(actualWidth, actualHeight);
                    _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetAvailableResolutions",
                        "Supported resolution: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                }
            }

            testCap.release();

            // Sort resolutions by area (largest first)
            std::sort(resolutions.rbegin(), resolutions.rend());

        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetAvailableResolutions", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }

        return resolutions;
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetEnableMaxResolution(bool enable) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        _enableMaxResolution = enable;
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetPreferredResolution(int deviceId) {
        // Try Full HD first, then fall back to lower resolutions until one is supported
        try {
            std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> preferredResolutions = {
                {1920, 1080},  // Full HD
                {1280, 720},   // HD
                {1024, 768},   // XGA
                {800, 600},    // SVGA
                {640, 480}     // VGA
            };

            for (const auto& res : preferredResolutions) {
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, res.first);
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, res.second);

                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

                if (actualWidth == res.first && actualHeight == res.second) {
                    _resWidth = actualWidth;
                    _resHeight = actualHeight;
                    _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                    _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

                    _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetPreferredResolution",
                        "Resolution set to: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    return true;
                }
            }

            // None of the preferred resolutions worked — use whatever the camera defaults to
            _resWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
            _resHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));
            _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
            _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

            _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetPreferredResolution",
                "No preferred resolution supported. Using camera default: " + std::to_string(_resWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_resHeight),
                __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetPreferredResolution", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetBestResolution(int deviceId) {
        try {
            std::vector<Resolution> availableResolutions = GetAvailableResolutions(deviceId);

            if (availableResolutions.empty()) {
                return false;
            }

            // Use the largest available resolution (first in sorted list)
            Resolution bestRes = availableResolutions[0];

            _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetBestResolution",
                "Setting resolution to: " + std::to_string(bestRes.width) + "x" + std::to_string(bestRes.height),
                __FILE__, __LINE__);

            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, bestRes.width);
            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, bestRes.height);

            // Verify the resolution was set
            int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
            int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

            _resWidth = actualWidth;
            _resHeight = actualHeight;
            _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
            _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

            _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetBestResolution",
                "Actual resolution set: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                __FILE__, __LINE__);

            return (actualWidth == bestRes.width && actualHeight == bestRes.height);

        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetBestResolution", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetResolution(int width, int height) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);

        try {
            if (cap.isOpened()) {
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, width);
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, height);

                // Verify the resolution was set
                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

                _resWidth = actualWidth;
                _resHeight = actualHeight;

                _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

                if (actualWidth == width && actualHeight == height) {
                    _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetResolution",
                        "Resolution set successfully: " + std::to_string(width) + "x" + std::to_string(height),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetResolution",
                        "Requested resolution " + std::to_string(width) + "x" + std::to_string(height) +
                        " not supported. Using: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    return false;
                }
            }

            // If camera is not opened, just store the values for later use
            _resWidth = width;
            _resHeight = height;
            _savedResWidth = width;
            _savedResHeight = height;
            return true;

        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetResolution", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetAvailableResolutionsString(int deviceId) {
        std::vector<Resolution> resolutions = GetAvailableResolutions(deviceId);
        std::stringstream ss;

        for (size_t i = 0; i < resolutions.size(); ++i) {
            if (i != 0) ss << ";";
            ss << resolutions[i].width << "x" << resolutions[i].height;
        }

        return ss.str();
    }
    std::vector<std::string> ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ScanWebcamDevices() {
        std::vector<std::string> cameraNames;
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mtx); // Locks the mutex for the scope of the function
        try {
            ICreateDevEnum* pDevEnum = nullptr;
            IEnumMoniker* pEnum = nullptr;
            CoInitialize(nullptr);
            HRESULT hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pDevEnum));
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                hr = pDevEnum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &pEnum, 0);
                if (hr == S_OK) {
                    IMoniker* pMoniker = nullptr;
                    while (pEnum->Next(1, &pMoniker, nullptr) == S_OK) {
                        IPropertyBag* pPropBag;
                        hr = pMoniker->BindToStorage(0, 0, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pPropBag));
                        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                            VARIANT var;
                            VariantInit(&var);
                            // Get the description or friendly name.
                            hr = pPropBag->Read(L"Description", &var, 0);
                            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                hr = pPropBag->Read(L"FriendlyName", &var, 0);
                            }
                            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                                std::wstring wcameraName(var.bstrVal);
                                auto s = std::filesystem::path(wcameraName).string();

                                std::string cameraName = s;
                                cameraNames.push_back(cameraName);
                                VariantClear(&var);
                            }
                            pPropBag->Release();
                        }
                        pMoniker->Release();
                    }
                    pEnum->Release();
                }
                pDevEnum->Release();
            }
            CoUninitialize();
        }
        catch (std::exception& e) {
            std::cout << "ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ScanWebcamDevices - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        }

        return cameraNames;
    } 
    // It does not work 
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions(int deviceId) {
        try {
            std::vector<std::string> resolutions;
            SPDLogger& _logger = SPDLogger::GetInstance("ANSWebcamPlayer", false);
            // Initialize COM
            HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(NULL);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                // Log error and return
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions:", "Failed to initialize COM.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return "";
            }

            // Create the System Device Enumerator.
            ICreateDevEnum* pDevEnum;
            hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_SystemDeviceEnum, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pDevEnum));
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                // Log error and return
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions:", "Failed to create System Device Enumerator.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return "";
            }
            // Access the specific video capture device
             // Create an enumerator for the video capture devices.
            IEnumMoniker* pEnum;
            pDevEnum->CreateClassEnumerator(CLSID_VideoInputDeviceCategory, &pEnum, 0);

            // Access the specific video capture device
            IMoniker* pMoniker;
            pEnum->Next(deviceId + 1, &pMoniker, NULL);

            IBaseFilter* pCap;
            hr = pMoniker->BindToObject(0, 0, IID_IBaseFilter, (void**)&pCap);
            if (FAILED(hr) || pCap == NULL) {
                // Log error and return
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions:", "Failed to bind to object.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return "";
            }

            IAMStreamConfig* pConfig;
            hr = pCap->QueryInterface(IID_IAMStreamConfig, (void**)&pConfig);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                // Log error and return
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions:", "Failed to get IAMStreamConfig interface.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return "";
            }

            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                // Log error and return
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions:", "Failed to get IAMStreamConfig interface.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return "";
            }

            int iCount = 0, iSize = 0;
            pConfig->GetNumberOfCapabilities(&iCount, &iSize);

            // Check the size to make sure we pass in the correct structure.
            if (iSize == sizeof(VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS)) {
                // Use the video capabilities structure.
                for (int iFormat = 0; iFormat < iCount; iFormat++) {
                    VIDEO_STREAM_CONFIG_CAPS scc;
                    AM_MEDIA_TYPE* pmtConfig;
                    HRESULT hr = pConfig->GetStreamCaps(iFormat, &pmtConfig, (BYTE*)&scc);
                    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                        // Check the media type is valid
                        if (pmtConfig->formattype == FORMAT_VideoInfo) {
                            // Get the width and height
                            VIDEOINFOHEADER* videoInfoHeader = reinterpret_cast<VIDEOINFOHEADER*>(pmtConfig->pbFormat);
                            std::string resolution = std::to_string(videoInfoHeader->bmiHeader.biWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(videoInfoHeader->bmiHeader.biHeight);
                            resolutions.push_back(resolution);
                        }
                        // Delete the media type when done.
                        DeleteMediaType(pmtConfig);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Clean up DirectShow objects
            pConfig->Release();
            pCap->Release();
            pMoniker->Release();
            pEnum->Release();
            pDevEnum->Release();
            // Uninitialize COM when done
            CoUninitialize();
            // Concatenate the resolutions with a semicolon separator
            std::stringstream ss;
            for (size_t i = 0; i < resolutions.size(); ++i)
            {
                if (i != 0)
                    ss << ";";
                ss << resolutions[i];
            }

            return ss.str();
		}
		catch (std::exception& e) {
			std::cout << "ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
			return "";
		} 
    }
    
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::CheckLicense() {
		_licenseValid = true; // No need license for webcam
        //try {
        //    _licenseValid = ANSCENTER::ANSLicenseHelper::LicenseVerification(_licenseKey, 1007, "ANSCV");//Default productId=1005
        //}
        //catch (std::exception& e) {
        //    this->_logger.LogFatal("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::CheckLicense. Error:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        //}
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Init(std::string licenseKey, std::string url) {
		std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
		_licenseKey = licenseKey;
		_resWidth = 0;
		_resHeight = 0;
        engineType = ANSCENTER::CPU;// ANSLicenseHelper::CheckHardwareInformation();
        _jpegCompressor = tjInitCompress();
        CheckLicense();
        if (!_licenseValid) {
            _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Init.", "Invalid license", __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
        _deviceId = 0; // Default
        _cameraNames = ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ScanWebcamDevices();
        auto it = std::find(_cameraNames.begin(), _cameraNames.end(), url);

        if (it != _cameraNames.end()) {
            _deviceId = std::distance(_cameraNames.begin(), it);
            // Verify if the device can be opened
            cv::VideoCapture cap(_deviceId);
            if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Init.", "Unable to open camera with ID: " + std::to_string(_deviceId), __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return false;
            }
            cap.release(); // Close the camera after testing

            return Setup();
        }

        return false;
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup() {
        _previousPTS = 0;
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);

        try {
            // Open the camera if not already opened
            if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                cap.open(_deviceId, cv::CAP_DSHOW);
                if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                    cap.open(_deviceId, cv::CAP_ANY);
                    if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                        _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup", "Unable to open camera", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Restore saved resolution if available (stop/start cycle)
            if (_savedResWidth > 0 && _savedResHeight > 0) {
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, _savedResWidth);
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, _savedResHeight);

                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

                _resWidth = actualWidth;
                _resHeight = actualHeight;

                if (actualWidth != _savedResWidth || actualHeight != _savedResHeight) {
                    _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                        "Could not restore saved resolution " + std::to_string(_savedResWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_savedResHeight) +
                        ". Using: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                }
                else {
                    _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                        "Restored saved resolution: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);
                }
            }
            // If resolution is not set or is default, find and set resolution based on mode
            else if ((_resWidth == 0) && (_resHeight == 0)) {
                if (_enableMaxResolution) {
                    // Max resolution mode: pick the highest available resolution
                    if (!SetBestResolution(_deviceId)) {
                        _resWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                        _resHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));
                        _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                        _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

                        _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                            "Using default camera resolution: " + std::to_string(_resWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_resHeight),
                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    }
                }
                else {
                    // Default mode: prefer Full HD, fall back to lower resolutions
                    if (!SetPreferredResolution(_deviceId)) {
                        _resWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                        _resHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));
                        _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                        _savedResHeight = _resHeight;

                        _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                            "Using default camera resolution: " + std::to_string(_resWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_resHeight),
                            __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    }
                }
            }
            else {
                // User has specified a resolution, try to set it
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, _resWidth);
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, _resHeight);

                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));

                if (actualWidth != _resWidth || actualHeight != _resHeight) {
                    _logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                        "Requested resolution " + std::to_string(_resWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_resHeight) +
                        " not supported. Using: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                        __FILE__, __LINE__);

                    _resWidth = actualWidth;
                    _resHeight = actualHeight;
                }
                _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                _savedResHeight = _resHeight;
            }

            // Set additional camera properties for better quality
            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FPS, 30); // Try to set 30 FPS
            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_BUFFERSIZE, 1); // Reduce buffer size for lower latency

            _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup",
                "Camera setup complete. Resolution: " + std::to_string(_resWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_resHeight),
                __FILE__, __LINE__);

            return true;

        }
        catch (std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Setup:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Reconnect() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            if (cap.isOpened()) {
                cap.release();
            }
            Setup();
            _isPlaying = cap.isOpened() && cap.grab();
            return _isPlaying;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Reconnect. Exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Start() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                // Reopen the camera (after Stop released it)
                cap.open(_deviceId, cv::CAP_DSHOW);
                if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                    cap.open(_deviceId, cv::CAP_ANY);
                    if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                        _logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Start", "Unable to open camera", __FILE__, __LINE__);
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }

            // Restore saved resolution
            if (_savedResWidth > 0 && _savedResHeight > 0) {
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH, _savedResWidth);
                cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT, _savedResHeight);

                int actualWidth = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH));
                int actualHeight = static_cast<int>(cap.get(cv::CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT));
                _resWidth = actualWidth;
                _resHeight = actualHeight;

                _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Start",
                    "Restored resolution: " + std::to_string(actualWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(actualHeight),
                    __FILE__, __LINE__);
            }

            // Set camera properties
            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_FPS, 30);
            cap.set(cv::CAP_PROP_BUFFERSIZE, 1);

            _isPlaying = cap.isOpened() && cap.grab();
            return _isPlaying;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Start. Exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Stop() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            _isPlaying = false;
            // Save current resolution before releasing camera
            if (_resWidth > 0 && _resHeight > 0) {
                _savedResWidth = _resWidth;
                _savedResHeight = _resHeight;
            }
            // Actually release the camera so the device is freed
            if (cap.isOpened()) {
                cap.release();
            }
            _logger.LogDebug("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Stop",
                "Camera stopped. Saved resolution: " + std::to_string(_savedResWidth) + "x" + std::to_string(_savedResHeight),
                __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return true;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::Stop. Exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return false;
        }
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetBBox(cv::Rect bbox) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        _bbox = bbox;

    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetCrop(bool crop) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        _crop = crop;
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::IsPaused() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        return !cap.isOpened();
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::IsPlaying() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        return cap.isOpened();
    }
    bool ANSWEBCAMPlayer::IsRecording() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        return false;// do not support recording for webcam
    }  
    //cv::Mat ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage(int& width, int& height, int64_t& pts) {
    //    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);

    //    if (!_isPlaying) {
    //        if (!_previousImage.empty()) {
    //            width = _previousImage.cols;
    //            height = _previousImage.rows;
    //            pts = _previousPTS;
    //            return _previousImage;  // Avoid unnecessary cloning
    //        }
    //        return cv::Mat();
    //    }

    //    cv::Mat frame, result;
    //    try {
    //        if (!cap.isOpened()) {
    //            if (!_previousImage.empty()) {
    //                width = _previousImage.cols;
    //                height = _previousImage.rows;
    //                pts = _previousPTS;
    //                return _previousImage;  // Avoid unnecessary cloning
    //            }
    //            return cv::Mat();
    //        }

    //        if (!cap.read(frame) || frame.empty()) {
    //            return cv::Mat();
    //        }

    //        if (_crop) {
    //            // Ensure valid crop region
    //            _bbox.x = max(0, _bbox.x);
    //            _bbox.y = max(0, _bbox.y);
    //            _bbox.width = min(_bbox.width, frame.cols - _bbox.x);
    //            _bbox.height = min(_bbox.height, frame.rows - _bbox.y);

    //            cv::Rect roi = _bbox;  // Define roi after updating _bbox

    //            if (roi.width > 0 && roi.height > 0) {
    //                result = frame(roi);
    //            }
    //            else {
    //                result = frame;
    //            }
    //        }
    //        else {
    //            result = frame;
    //        }

    //        if (_imageRotateDeg > 0) {
    //            cv::Point2f center(result.cols / 2.0f, result.rows / 2.0f);
    //            cv::Mat rotationMatrix = cv::getRotationMatrix2D(center, _imageRotateDeg, 1.0);
    //            cv::warpAffine(result, result, rotationMatrix, result.size(), cv::INTER_CUBIC, cv::BORDER_CONSTANT, cv::Scalar());
    //        }

    //        if (_previousPTS < INT64_MAX) {
    //            _previousPTS++;
    //        }
    //        else {
    //            _previousPTS = 0;  // Reset to zero when max is reached
    //        }
    //        width = result.cols;
    //        height = result.rows;
    //        pts = _previousPTS;

    //        _previousImage = result;  // Store reference instead of clone

    //        return _previousImage;
    //    }
    //    catch (const std::exception& e) {
    //        this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
    //    }

    //    return cv::Mat();
    //}

    cv::Mat ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage(int& width, int& height, int64_t& pts) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);

        if (!_isPlaying) {
            if (!_previousImage.empty()) {
                width = _previousImage.cols;
                height = _previousImage.rows;
                pts = _previousPTS;
                return _previousImage;
            }
            return cv::Mat();
        }

        try {
            if (!cap.isOpened()) {
                if (!_previousImage.empty()) {
                    width = _previousImage.cols;
                    height = _previousImage.rows;
                    pts = _previousPTS;
                    return _previousImage;
                }
                return cv::Mat();
            }

            cv::Mat frame;
            if (!cap.read(frame) || frame.empty()) {
                // Return last good frame if available
                if (!_previousImage.empty()) {
                    width = _previousImage.cols;
                    height = _previousImage.rows;
                    pts = _previousPTS;
                    return _previousImage;
                }
                return cv::Mat();
            }

            cv::Mat result;

            // Apply cropping if enabled
            if (_crop) {
                // Validate and clamp crop region
                _bbox.x = max(0, _bbox.x);
                _bbox.y = max(0, _bbox.y);
                _bbox.width = min(_bbox.width, frame.cols - _bbox.x);
                _bbox.height = min(_bbox.height, frame.rows - _bbox.y);

                if (_bbox.width > 0 && _bbox.height > 0) {
                    // CRITICAL: Clone to avoid dangling reference
                    result = frame(_bbox).clone();
                }
                else {
                    result = frame.clone();
                }
            }
            else {
                result = frame.clone();
            }

            // Apply rotation if specified
            if (_imageRotateDeg > 0) {
                // Fast path for 90-degree rotations
                if (std::abs(_imageRotateDeg - 90.0) < 0.01) {
                    cv::rotate(result, result, cv::ROTATE_90_CLOCKWISE);
                }
                else if (std::abs(_imageRotateDeg - 180.0) < 0.01) {
                    cv::rotate(result, result, cv::ROTATE_180);
                }
                else if (std::abs(_imageRotateDeg - 270.0) < 0.01) {
                    cv::rotate(result, result, cv::ROTATE_90_COUNTERCLOCKWISE);
                }
                else {
                    // Arbitrary angle rotation
                    const cv::Point2f center(result.cols / 2.0f, result.rows / 2.0f);
                    cv::Mat rotationMatrix = cv::getRotationMatrix2D(center, _imageRotateDeg, 1.0);

                    cv::Mat rotated;
                    // Use INTER_LINEAR instead of INTER_CUBIC (2-3x faster)
                    cv::warpAffine(result, rotated, rotationMatrix, result.size(),
                        cv::INTER_LINEAR, cv::BORDER_CONSTANT, cv::Scalar());
                    result = rotated;
                }
            }

            // Update PTS
            if (_previousPTS < INT64_MAX) {
                _previousPTS++;
            }
            else {
                _previousPTS = 0;
            }

            // Store full-res frame for inference (before display resize)
            _inferenceImage = result;

            // Resize for display if display resolution is set
            if (_displayWidth > 0 && _displayHeight > 0 &&
                (result.cols != _displayWidth || result.rows != _displayHeight)) {
                cv::Mat displayResult;
                cv::resize(result, displayResult, cv::Size(_displayWidth, _displayHeight),
                    0, 0, cv::INTER_LINEAR);
                result = displayResult;
            }

            // Update cached frame
            _previousImage = result;

            // Set output parameters
            width = result.cols;
            height = result.rows;
            pts = _previousPTS;

            return result;
        }
        catch (const cv::Exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage. OpenCV exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage. Exception:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
        catch (...) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetImage. Unknown exception", "", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }

        return cv::Mat();
    }
    cv::Mat ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetInferenceImage() {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        return _inferenceImage;
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetDisplayResolution(int width, int height) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        _displayWidth = width;
        _displayHeight = height;
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::EnableAudio(bool status) {
        // please support audio enable for webcam
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::SetAudioVolume(int volume) {
        // support audio volumne

    }

    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::VectorToCommaSeparatedString(const std::vector<std::string>& inputVector) {
        std::string result;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < inputVector.size(); ++i) {
            result += inputVector[i];
            if (i < inputVector.size() - 1) {
                result += ";";
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
    void ANSWEBCAMPlayer::uploadPlanarBGRToGPU(const cv::Mat& inputMat, unsigned char** data) {
        // Refuse on non-NVIDIA — cudaMalloc/cudaMemcpy are NVIDIA-only.
        // The public entry point encodeMatToJpegWithNvJPEG() also guards,
        // but defense-in-depth in case a future caller wires this up directly.
        if (!anscv_vendor_gate::IsNvidiaGpuAvailable()) {
            this->_logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::uploadPlanarBGRToGPU",
                "skipped — non-NVIDIA hardware, nvJPEG path unavailable", __FILE__, __LINE__);
            if (data) *data = nullptr;
            return;
        }
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            int width = inputMat.cols;
            int height = inputMat.rows;
            size_t channelSize = 3 * width * height;

            // Allocate GPU memory for each channel
            CHECK_CUDAWEB(cudaMalloc(data, channelSize));

            // Copy each channel to GPU
            CHECK_CUDAWEB(cudaMemcpy(*data, inputMat.data, channelSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice));

        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::uploadPlanarBGRToGPU. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
    }
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeMatToJpegWithNvJPEG(const cv::Mat& inputMat, int quality)
    {
        // nvJPEG encoder is NVIDIA-only (part of CUDA toolkit).  Refuse on
        // AMD/Intel/CPU and let the caller fall back to the turbojpeg path.
        if (!anscv_vendor_gate::IsNvidiaGpuAvailable()) {
            this->_logger.LogWarn("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeMatToJpegWithNvJPEG",
                "nvJPEG requires NVIDIA GPU; falling back to last cached JPEG", __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return _lastJpegImage;
        }
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        try {
            // Image dimensions
            int width = inputMat.cols;
            int height = inputMat.rows;
            // Device memory for planar BGR
            unsigned char* data = nullptr;
            uploadPlanarBGRToGPU(inputMat, &data);
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetSamplingFactors(nv_enc_params, NVJPEG_CSS_444, stream));
            // Set JPEG encoding parameters
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetQuality(nv_enc_params, quality, stream));
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncoderParamsSetOptimizedHuffman(nv_enc_params, 1, stream));
            // Configure nvjpegImage_t for planar BGR
            nvjpegImage_t nv_image = {};
            nv_image.channel[0] = data;
            nv_image.pitch[0] = 3 * width;     // Red pitch
            // Compress the image using nvJPEG
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncodeImage(nv_handle, nv_enc_state, nv_enc_params,
                &nv_image, NVJPEG_INPUT_BGRI, width, height, stream));
            // Get compressed JPEG size
            size_t length;
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncodeRetrieveBitstream(nv_handle, nv_enc_state, nullptr, &length, stream));
            // Retrieve the JPEG bitstream
            std::vector<unsigned char> jpegBuffer(length);
            CHECK_NVJPEGWEB(nvjpegEncodeRetrieveBitstream(nv_handle, nv_enc_state, jpegBuffer.data(), &length, stream));
            // Synchronize CUDA stream
            CHECK_CUDAWEB(cudaStreamSynchronize(stream));
            // convert to string
            std::string jpegString(reinterpret_cast<char*>(jpegBuffer.data()), length);
            // Cleanup
            CHECK_CUDAWEB(cudaFree(data));
            return jpegString;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeMatToJpegWithNvJPEG. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
			return _lastJpegImage;
        }
    }
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeJpegString(const cv::Mat& img, int quality) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        if (!_isPlaying) return _lastJpegImage;
        try {
            unsigned char* jpegBuf = nullptr;
            if (!_jpegCompressor) {
                this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeJpegString. Failed to initialize TurboJPEG compressor.", tjGetErrorStr(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
                return _lastJpegImage;
            }
            int maxBufferSize = img.cols * img.rows * 3;
            jpegBuf = new unsigned char[maxBufferSize];  // Pre-allocated buffer
            long unsigned int jpegSize = maxBufferSize;  // Size of the JPEG image (output)
            int subsamp = TJSAMP_444;  // Chroma subsampling: TJSAMP_444, TJSAMP_422, TJSAMP_420, etc.
            int pixelFormat = img.channels() == 3 ? TJPF_BGR : TJPF_GRAY;  // Pixel format based on channels
            try {
                // Compress the image into the pre-allocated buffer
                int result = tjCompress2(_jpegCompressor, img.data, img.cols, 0, img.rows, pixelFormat,
                    &jpegBuf, &jpegSize, subsamp, quality, TJFLAG_FASTDCT);

                // Handle compression errors
                if (result != 0) {
                    this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeJpegString. Compression error:", tjGetErrorStr(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
                    if (jpegBuf) {
                        tjFree(jpegBuf);  // Free the buffer if allocated
                    }
                    return _lastJpegImage;
                }
                // Create a string from the JPEG buffer
                std::string jpegString(reinterpret_cast<char*>(jpegBuf), jpegSize);
                _lastJpegImage = jpegString;
                // Clean up resources
                tjFree(jpegBuf);
                return jpegString;
            }
            catch (const std::exception& e) {
                this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeJpegString. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
                // Clean up resources
                if (jpegBuf) {
                    tjFree(jpegBuf);  // Free the buffer if allocated
                }
                return _lastJpegImage;
            }
        }
        catch (std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::encodeJpegString:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            // Clean up resources in case of an exception 
        }
        // Return an empty string in case of failure
        return "";
    }
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::MatToBinaryData(const cv::Mat& image) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        if (!_isPlaying) return _lastJpegImage;
        // Check if the image is empty or has invalid data
        if (image.empty() || !image.data || !image.u) {
            return _lastJpegImage;
        }
        try {
            // Encode the image to a memory buffer
            return encodeJpegString(image, 85);
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogFatal("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::MatToBinaryData. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }
        catch (...) {
            this->_logger.LogFatal("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::MatToBinaryData.", "Unknown exception occurred.", __FILE__, __LINE__);
        }

        // Return an empty string in case of failure
        return _lastJpegImage;
    }
    std::string ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetJpegStringImage(int& width, int& height, int64_t& pts) {
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(_mutex);
        if (!_isPlaying) return _lastJpegImage;
        try {
            cv::Mat image = GetImage(width, height, pts);
            std::string jpegString = MatToBinaryData(image);
            image.release();
            return jpegString;
        }
        catch (const std::exception& e) {
            this->_logger.LogError("ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetJpegStringImage. Exception occurred:", e.what(), __FILE__, __LINE__);
            return _lastJpegImage;
        }
    }

}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int CreateANSWebcamPlayerHandle(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, const char* licenseKey, const char* url) {
    if (!Handle || !licenseKey || !url) return -1;
    try {
        auto ptr = std::make_unique<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer>();
        bool result = ptr->Init(licenseKey, url);
        if (result) {
            *Handle = ptr.release();
            extern void anscv_unregister_handle(void*);
            extern void anscv_register_handle(void*, void(*)(void*));
            anscv_register_handle(*Handle, [](void* p) {
                auto* h = static_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(p);
                try { h->Stop(); } catch (...) {}
                try { h->Destroy(); } catch (...) {}
                try { delete h; } catch (...) {}
            });
            return 1;
        }
        *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (...) { return 0; }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int CreateANSWebcamPlayerWithMaxResoHandle(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, const char* licenseKey, const char* url) {
    if (!Handle || !licenseKey || !url) return -1;
    try {
        auto ptr = std::make_unique<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer>();
        ptr->SetEnableMaxResolution(true);
        bool result = ptr->Init(licenseKey, url);
        if (result) {
            *Handle = ptr.release();
            extern void anscv_unregister_handle(void*);
            extern void anscv_register_handle(void*, void(*)(void*));
            anscv_register_handle(*Handle, [](void* p) {
                auto* h = static_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(p);
                try { h->Stop(); } catch (...) {}
                try { h->Destroy(); } catch (...) {}
                try { delete h; } catch (...) {}
            });
            return 1;
        }
        *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "CreateANSWebcamPlayerWithMaxResoHandle - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        if (Handle) *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (...) {
        if (Handle) *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int ReleaseANSWebcamPlayerHandle(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        extern void anscv_unregister_handle(void*);
        anscv_unregister_handle(*Handle);
        // Destructor calls Destroy() — no need to call it explicitly (avoids double-destroy)
        std::unique_ptr<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer> ptr(*Handle);
        *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
    catch (...) {
        if (Handle) *Handle = nullptr;
        return 0;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int ScanStrANSWebcamPlayer(std::vector<std::string> &cameraNameList) {
    try {
        cameraNameList = ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ScanWebcamDevices();
        int result = 0;
        if (cameraNameList.empty()) {
            if (cameraNameList.size() > 0) return 1;
        }
        return result;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "ScanStrANSWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return 0;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int ScanANSWebcamPlayer(LStrHandle cameraNames) {
    try {
        std::vector<std::string> cameraNameList = ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer::ScanWebcamDevices();
        std::string st = ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer::VectorToCommaSeparatedString(cameraNameList);
        int size = st.length();
        if (size > 0) {
            MgErr error;
            error = DSSetHandleSize(cameraNames, sizeof(int32) + size * sizeof(uChar));
            if (error != mFullErr && error != mZoneErr)
            {
                (*cameraNames)->cnt = size;
                memcpy((*cameraNames)->str, st.c_str(), size);
                return 1;
            }
            else return 0;
        }
        else return 0;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "ScanANSWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return 0;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamStrImage(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, int& width, int& height, int64_t & timeStamp, std::string & jpegImage) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        jpegImage = (*Handle)->GetJpegStringImage(width, height, timeStamp);
        if (!jpegImage.empty()) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "GetWebcamStrImage - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamImage(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, int& width, int& height, int64_t & timeStamp, LStrHandle jpegImage) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        std::string jpegString = (*Handle)->GetJpegStringImage(width, height, timeStamp);
        int size = jpegString.length();
        if (size > 0) {
            MgErr error;
            error = DSSetHandleSize(jpegImage, sizeof(int32) + size * sizeof(uChar));
            if (error != mFullErr && error != mZoneErr)
            {
                (*jpegImage)->cnt = size;
                memcpy((*jpegImage)->str, jpegString.c_str(), size);
                return 1;
            }
            else return 0;
        }
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "GetWebcamImage - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

//extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamCVImage(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer** Handle, int& width, int& height, int64_t& timeStamp,  cv::Mat** image) {
//    if (!Handle || !(*Handle) || !image) {
//        std::cerr << "Error: Invalid input parameters in GetRTSPCVImage." << std::endl;
//        return -1;  // Error code for invalid parameters
//    }
//    try {
//        cv::Mat img = (*Handle)->GetImage(width, height, timeStamp);
//        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(webcamMutex);  // Ensures thread safety
//        if (img.empty()) {
//            return 0;  // No valid image retrieved
//        }
//        // If an image is already allocated, release it
//        if (*image) {
//            delete* image;
//            *image = nullptr;
//        }
//
//        // Allocate new image
//        *image = new cv::Mat(std::move(img));  // Move constructor avoids deep copy
//
//        return 1;  // Success
//    }
//    catch (const std::exception& e) {
//        std::cerr << "Exception in GetRTSPCVImage: " << e.what() << std::endl;
//        return -2;  // Error code for exceptions
//    }
//    catch (...) {
//        std::cerr << "Exception in GetRTSPCVImage: Unknown exception." << std::endl;
//        return -2;  // Generic error code for exceptions
//    }
//}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamCVImage(
    ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer** Handle,
    int& width,
    int& height,
    int64_t& timeStamp,
    cv::Mat** image)
{
    // Validate input parameters
    if (!Handle || !*Handle || !image) {
        std::cerr << "Error: Invalid input parameters in GetWebcamCVImage" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    try {
        // Get image (display-res if SetDisplayResolution was called, otherwise original)
        cv::Mat img = (*Handle)->GetImage(width, height, timeStamp);

        if (img.empty()) {
            return 0;  // No valid image retrieved
        }

        // anscv_mat_replace has its own internal registry_mutex — no global mutex needed
        anscv_mat_replace(image, std::move(img));

        // Attach full-res BGR frame to ANSGpuFrameRegistry for inference fast-path.
        // ANSRTYOLO::DetectObjects will find this via gpu_frame_lookup and use the
        // full-res image for inference instead of the display-res input.
        cv::Mat infImg = (*Handle)->GetInferenceImage();
        if (!infImg.empty() && infImg.data != (*image)->data) {
            (*Handle)->_inferenceClonePrev = (*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr;
            (*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr = infImg.clone();

            GpuFrameData data{};
            data.avframe        = nullptr;
            data.yPlane         = (*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr.data;
            data.uvPlane        = nullptr;
            data.yLinesize      = static_cast<int>((*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr.step[0]);
            data.uvLinesize     = 0;
            data.width          = (*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr.cols;
            data.height         = (*Handle)->_inferenceCloneCurr.rows;
            data.pixelFormat    = ANSCV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
            data.gpuIndex       = -1;
            data.pts            = timeStamp;
            data.isCudaDevicePtr = false;
            data.cpuAvframe     = nullptr;
            data.cpuYPlane      = nullptr;
            data.cpuUvPlane     = nullptr;
            data.cpuYLinesize   = 0;
            data.cpuUvLinesize  = 0;

            ANSGpuFrameRegistry::instance().attach(*image, std::move(data));

            auto pending = ANSGpuFrameRegistry::instance().drain_pending();
            for (void* p : pending) {
                // pending only contains AVFrame* from RTSP/RTMP/SRT/FLV entries (our entries have avframe=nullptr)
                auto* stale = static_cast<AVFrame*>(p);
                av_frame_free(&stale);
            }
        }

        return 1;  // Success
    }
    catch (const cv::Exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "OpenCV exception in GetWebcamCVImage: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Exception in GetWebcamCVImage: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
    catch (...) {
        std::cerr << "Unknown exception in GetWebcamCVImage" << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int StartWebcamPlayer(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->Start();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "StartWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int ReconnectWebcamPlayer(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->Reconnect();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "ReconnectWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int StopWebcamPlayer(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->Stop();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "StopWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	catch (...) {
		return -1;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerPaused(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->IsPaused();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerPaused - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerRunning(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->IsPlaying();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerRunning - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	catch (...) {
		return -1;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerRecording(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = (*Handle)->IsRecording();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerRecording - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	catch (...) {
		return -1;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SetWebcamPlayerAudioVolume(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, int volume)
{
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return;
    try {
        (*Handle)->SetAudioVolume(volume);
    }
    catch (...) { }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void EnableWebcamPlayerAudioVolume(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, int status)
{
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return;
    try {
        bool audioStatus = false;
        if (status == 1)audioStatus = true;
        (*Handle)->EnableAudio(audioStatus);
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "EnableWebcamPlayerAudioVolume - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
	}
	catch (...) { }
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SetWebcamImageRotation(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer * *Handle, double rotationAngle) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return;
    try {
        (*Handle)->SetImageRotate(rotationAngle);
    }
    catch (...) { }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int  ScanSupportedResolutions(std::string cameraName, std::vector<std::string> cameraNameList, std::string & supportedResolution) {
    try {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < cameraNameList.size(); ++i) {
            if (cameraNameList.at(i) == cameraName) {
                supportedResolution = ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer::GetSupportedResolutions(i);
                if (!supportedResolution.empty()) return 1;
                else return 0;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "ScanSupportedResolutions - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return 0;
	}
	catch (...) { return 0; }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int SetBBoxANSWebcamPlayer(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer** Handle, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        cv::Rect bbox(x, y, width, height);
        (*Handle)->SetBBox(bbox);
        return 1;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "SetBBoxANSWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	catch (...) {
		return -1;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int SetCropFlagANSWebcamPlayer(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer** Handle, int cropFlag) {
    if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return -1;
    try {
        bool crop = false;
        if (cropFlag == 1)crop = true;
        (*Handle)->SetCrop(crop);
        return 1;
    }
	catch (std::exception& e) {
		std::cout << "SetCropFlagANSWebcamPlayer - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
		return -1;
	}
	catch (...) {
		return -1;
	}
}
extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SetWebcamDisplayResolution(ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer** Handle, int width, int height) {
	if (Handle == nullptr || *Handle == nullptr) return;
	try {
		(*Handle)->SetDisplayResolution(width, height);
	} catch (...) { }
}

// ============================================================================
// V2 entry points — accept uint64_t handle by value (LabVIEW safe)
// ============================================================================

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamImage_V2(uint64_t handleVal, int& width, int& height, int64_t& timeStamp, LStrHandle jpegImage) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        std::string jpegString = h->GetJpegStringImage(width, height, timeStamp);
        int size = jpegString.length();
        if (size > 0) {
            MgErr error;
            error = DSSetHandleSize(jpegImage, sizeof(int32) + size * sizeof(uChar));
            if (error != mFullErr && error != mZoneErr)
            {
                (*jpegImage)->cnt = size;
                memcpy((*jpegImage)->str, jpegString.c_str(), size);
                return 1;
            }
            else return 0;
        }
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "GetWebcamImage_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int GetWebcamCVImage_V2(
    uint64_t handleVal,
    int& width,
    int& height,
    int64_t& timeStamp,
    cv::Mat** image)
{
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h || !image) return -1;

    try {
        cv::Mat img = h->GetImage(width, height, timeStamp);

        if (img.empty()) {
            return 0;
        }

        anscv_mat_replace(image, std::move(img));

        // Attach full-res BGR frame to ANSGpuFrameRegistry for inference fast-path
        cv::Mat infImg = h->GetInferenceImage();
        if (!infImg.empty() && infImg.data != (*image)->data) {
            h->_inferenceClonePrev = h->_inferenceCloneCurr;
            h->_inferenceCloneCurr = infImg.clone();

            GpuFrameData data{};
            data.avframe        = nullptr;
            data.yPlane         = h->_inferenceCloneCurr.data;
            data.uvPlane        = nullptr;
            data.yLinesize      = static_cast<int>(h->_inferenceCloneCurr.step[0]);
            data.uvLinesize     = 0;
            data.width          = h->_inferenceCloneCurr.cols;
            data.height         = h->_inferenceCloneCurr.rows;
            data.pixelFormat    = ANSCV_PIX_FMT_BGR24;
            data.gpuIndex       = -1;
            data.pts            = timeStamp;
            data.isCudaDevicePtr = false;
            data.cpuAvframe     = nullptr;
            data.cpuYPlane      = nullptr;
            data.cpuUvPlane     = nullptr;
            data.cpuYLinesize   = 0;
            data.cpuUvLinesize  = 0;

            ANSGpuFrameRegistry::instance().attach(*image, std::move(data));

            auto pending = ANSGpuFrameRegistry::instance().drain_pending();
            for (void* p : pending) {
                auto* stale = static_cast<AVFrame*>(p);
                av_frame_free(&stale);
            }
        }

        return 1;
    }
    catch (const cv::Exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "OpenCV exception in GetWebcamCVImage_V2: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
    catch (const std::exception& e) {
        std::cerr << "Exception in GetWebcamCVImage_V2: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
    catch (...) {
        std::cerr << "Unknown exception in GetWebcamCVImage_V2" << std::endl;
        return -2;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int StartWebcamPlayer_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->Start();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "StartWebcamPlayer_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int ReconnectWebcamPlayer_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->Reconnect();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "ReconnectWebcamPlayer_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int StopWebcamPlayer_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->Stop();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "StopWebcamPlayer_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerPaused_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->IsPaused();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerPaused_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerRunning_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->IsPlaying();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerRunning_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int IsWebcamPlayerRecording_V2(uint64_t handleVal) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool result = h->IsRecording();
        if (result) return 1;
        else return 0;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "IsWebcamPlayerRecording_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SetWebcamPlayerAudioVolume_V2(uint64_t handleVal, int volume)
{
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return;
    try {
        h->SetAudioVolume(volume);
    }
    catch (...) { }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void EnableWebcamPlayerAudioVolume_V2(uint64_t handleVal, int status)
{
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return;
    try {
        bool audioStatus = false;
        if (status == 1) audioStatus = true;
        h->EnableAudio(audioStatus);
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "EnableWebcamPlayerAudioVolume_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
    }
    catch (...) { }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SetWebcamImageRotation_V2(uint64_t handleVal, double rotationAngle) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return;
    try {
        h->SetImageRotate(rotationAngle);
    }
    catch (...) { }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int SetBBoxANSWebcamPlayer_V2(uint64_t handleVal, int x, int y, int width, int height) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        cv::Rect bbox(x, y, width, height);
        h->SetBBox(bbox);
        return 1;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "SetBBoxANSWebcamPlayer_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}

extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) int SetCropFlagANSWebcamPlayer_V2(uint64_t handleVal, int cropFlag) {
    auto* h = reinterpret_cast<ANSCENTER::ANSWEBCAMPlayer*>(handleVal);
    if (!h) return -1;
    try {
        bool crop = false;
        if (cropFlag == 1) crop = true;
        h->SetCrop(crop);
        return 1;
    }
    catch (std::exception& e) {
        std::cout << "SetCropFlagANSWebcamPlayer_V2 - Exception: " << e.what() << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }
    catch (...) {
        return -1;
    }
}